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Yu-chang founded the Ming Dynasty in 1368 and in 1371 he drove the Mongols out of Beijing. After more than a century of ruling the Mongolians retreated to the Mongolian heartland. They had continued to
harass their Chinese neighbors, but could never again conquer the Chinese nation. The Mings were less inventive than the past dynasties because this was a trading period between the European neighbors.
This became a trading period because in the 18th century China's trading business expanded almost all over the world. In this period it is called "restoration and reorganization." Many
non-Chinese states were forced to know the power of China, and was forced to pay tribute. Later, the Ming dynasty was weakened and the treasury was low because it was used up by defending their borders.
A rebellion broke out in the Shanxxi province that was brought to a famine. After the rebels took Beijing the Ming formed a union with the Manchus who had recently gained power over Manchuria. Once
inside China the Manchus refused to leave. Rebellions broke out and that was the end of the dynasty. The rebels forced the last emperor to commit suicide.
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