LIAO DYNASTY: A.D. 916-1125
For 300 years, China was divided by several competing dynasties and kingdoms. One of these was Liao, a powerful kingdom established by the Qidan, who came from the
north beyond the Great Wall. Even though their dynasty ruled most of northern China, the Qidan kept many of their own customs, which were strange to the Chinese of the south. One of these was to mummify their dead,
a practice that the Chinese considered barbaric; however, it was the Liao way of preserving the body as a sanctuary for the spirit.
WESTERN XIA: A.D. 1038-1227
JIN: A.D. 1115-1234
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